Atif Ali

History begins with Herodotus (485-425 B.C.E.). Born in Halikarnassos, a gateway between the Greek and Persian worlds, in his Histories Herodotus narrates the great historical struggle between the Persian Empire and the Greek-speaking city-states at the dawn of the classical era. Herodotus doesn't merely list events or tell tales; his history inquires into the causes of events, and casts its net wide to include ethnography and legend as well as political and military history. Book V of the Histories focuses on the Persians and their expansion into Thrakia and Makedonia, and their conflict with the Greeks of Ionia. Beginning in the timeless legends of pre-history, Herodotus discusses the customs of the Thrakians, offers insight into Sparta’s mindset, and narrates the struggle to restore democracy at Athens after the reign of the tyrant Peisistratos. The narrative of Book V sprawls over Asia, Africa, and Europe, naming over 350 people and places. The reader will find in Herodotus a literate, keenly observant, wide-ranging guide to a time when Persia ruled 40% of the world's population and was confronted by an uneasy and fragile alliance of Greek city-states