Masterpiece. I found it being the most distressing movie I have ever seen.
Elem Klimov went to a Belarusian village to actually film people who survived the Nazy occupation. They mainly appear in the mass/crowd scenes. These people were crying and screaming for real during the filming process just because they could remember the horror of WW2.
Aleksey Kravchenko - Flyora had to learn Belarusian language, live starving to have a gaunt look and even be hypnotized ahead filming. Klimov wanted to ensure that he's not psychologically traumatized by the scenes however the hypnosis didn't have any effect on him.
This is such a painful and veridical piece of work.
The scorching movie scenes turned out to be such because everything in them is real: the cow was shot for real, real gun shots and bombing and no doubt the subject which is riddled with the sorrow of all Slavs who endured Nazy atrocities.
A must see of all times.