Anyone that gives this book a 1-star rating: I would discount as having 99% chance of being a NP/PA/CRNA, aspiring NP/PA/CRNA, or married to/close to one of said providers. Consider these reviewers heavily biased, and read this book as OBJECTIVELY as you can to educate yourself on the quality of information presented here. Many have not even read it, but based on the title alone will rate low, providing no tangible (and/or unbiased) evidence to back up their thoughts. This is a professionally written, well researched book that these brave authors are putting forth to (Finally) give the public a small glimpse of what is going on with our ever-failing healthcare system. It only continues to fail us as we patients continue to pay higher premiums for cheaper and cheaper alternatives to quality care. Please people, check the credentials of those taking care of you because it may make a world of a difference in terms of your clinical outcomes and # of studies/referrals/steps required to clench the proper diagnosis. It takes much more attention and intellect to practice medicine appropriately—online degrees and job shadowing while concomitantly working full time jobs (and having open book tests) can never replace the challenging process that actual medical doctors have to endure in order to practice medicine. There is a reason that many do not (or cannot) obtain an MD/DO degree— this isn’t always because the person “chose” the easier/shorter/cheaper route to their educational end goal. Just talk to people that actually did both nursing/PA training and then later went on to medical school. Food for thought.