This is a very well-articulated, logical, and insightful book. As a medical doctor, the author put a side any emotional attachment and he devoted efforts to getting the right diagnosis of what has fueled this conflict. Given the layers of complexity of this conflict, the author appealed to rationality. His approach has been eclectic referencing a variety of disciplines including economics, history, religious, demography, and biology. Not only he managed to get the right diagnosis, he also stressed the flaws of the dominant two-state solution favored by the international community. He looked at the other possibilities (democratic one-state, or one national group excludes the other) and provided a logical argument in support of ‘the pareto optimal’ democratic one state for all its citizens. However, the author was not naïve to underestimate the incredible difficulty to achieve this vision at a time of distrust, populism, and nationalistic views. This is the very same reason, the author explained, why the less optima ‘Nash equilibrium’ of the two state solutions has been favored by many. Excellent work that should be read by anyone appreciates rationality in conflict resolution.