I read this book and understood about 3% of it. It seems like John Gardner took an idea that could have been a decent 2,000 word essay and dragged out the idea to a book-length manuscript. All he is really saying is that if you write a novel you should show some good examples of moral behavior for your reader to follow. And postmodern literature (which was very popular at the time he wrote this book) tends not give good moral examples as to how to live. So not only is it bad art, it really isn’t art at all. And then he trashes a bunch of his contemporaries. There you go. That’s the whole book right there. No need to read 150 pages of Gardner writing in a style that makes this book as boring as possible. The most annoying part of the book is that when Gardner uses examples of short stories, plays, and novels to make his point, he does his best to pick example of things you were sure not to have read. (Such as I’ve read about 40 Donald Barthelme short stories, and Gardner always picked one I hadn’t read to use as an example. It was like he didn’t want the reader familiar with his examples, otherwise you might find a flaw in his logic. So he picked each author’s most obscure work.). Read something else. That is my advice. I’ve already summed up the book for you.