DIPENDER SINGH

In his book "How China Sees India," former diplomat Shyam Saran offers a comprehensive examination of the historical interaction between these two ancient civilizations. Saran's expertise in Chinese language and his experience in Beijing make him well-qualified to delve into the complexities of the India-China relationship. The book fills a crucial gap in research as China's archives remain inaccessible to scholars, while India's records are open to Chinese researchers. Saran addresses the dynastic rule in China and its efforts to unify the people through a common language and centralized administration. He also discusses the civil service exam system, highlighting its role in mitigating social inequalities. However, he acknowledges that these opportunities were available primarily to the privileged class. Contrary to popular belief, Saran dispels the notion of extensive trade and contacts between India and China throughout history. He explains that meaningful interactions were sporadic, with limited trade and intermittent contact even by sea. The spread of Buddhism marked a significant milestone in their relationship, with Indian monks traveling to China and leaving a lasting impression. However, the impact on India from these interactions was comparatively minimal. Saran challenges the perception of China as the Middle Kingdom by emphasizing that in Buddhist terms, India held spiritual significance. Chinese texts referred to India as the Western Heaven, acknowledging its contributions to fields like astronomy and medicine. Interestingly, even Jesuit missionaries passing through China disguised themselves as Indian monks, highlighting India's esteemed status as a civilized and sacred land. The author also discusses the challenges of managing relations with China's communist regime, including the lack of expertise and asymmetry in power. He points out Prime Minister Nehru's failure to recognize the strategic importance of Tibet and the negative impression of India held by China's leadership. Saran concludes by highlighting the potential for India to benefit from Western knowledge and innovation, as well as the potential decline of China's totalitarian regime. The book presents an optimistic outlook for India's future and opportunities for growth. Overall, "How China Sees India" provides valuable insights into the complex historical relationship between the two countries and the challenges they face in understanding each other.